Talos Vulnerability Report

Summary

An exploitable code execution vulnerability exists in the label-parsing functionality of Videolabs libmicrodns 0.1.0. When parsing compressed labels in mDNS messages, the rr_decode function’s return value is not checked, leading to a double free that could be exploited to execute arbitrary code. An attacker can send an mDNS message to trigger this vulnerability.

Tested Versions

Videolabs libmicrodns 0.1.0

Product URLs

https://github.com/videolabs/libmicrodns

CVSSv3 Score

9.8 - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CWE

CWE-252: Unchecked Return Value

Details

The libmicrodns library is an mDNS resolver that aims to be simple and compatible cross-platform.

The function mdns_recv reads and parses an mDNS message:

static int
mdns_recv(const struct mdns_conn* conn, struct mdns_hdr *hdr, struct rr_entry **entries)
{
        uint8_t buf[MDNS_PKT_MAXSZ];
        size_t num_entry, n;
        ssize_t length;
        struct rr_entry *entry;

        *entries = NULL;
        if ((length = recv(conn->sock, (char *) buf, sizeof(buf), 0)) < 0)       // [1]
                return (MDNS_NETERR);

        const uint8_t *ptr = mdns_read_header(buf, length, hdr);                 // [2]
        n = length;

        num_entry = hdr->num_qn + hdr->num_ans_rr + hdr->num_add_rr;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < num_entry; ++i) {
                entry = calloc(1, sizeof(struct rr_entry));
                if (!entry)
                        goto err;
                ptr = rr_read(ptr, &n, buf, entry, i >= hdr->num_qn);            // [3]
                if (!ptr) {
                        free(entry);
                        errno = ENOSPC;
                        goto err;
                }
                entry->next = *entries;
                *entries = entry;
        }
        ...
}

At [1], a message is read from the network. The 12-bytes mDNS header is then parsed at [2]. Based on the header info, the loop parses each resource record (“RR”) using the function rr_read [3], which in turn calls rr_read_RR and then rr_decode.

#define advance(x) ptr += x; *n -= x

/*
 * Decodes a DN compressed format (RFC 1035)
 * e.g "\x03foo\x03bar\x00" gives "foo.bar"
 */
static const uint8_t *
rr_decode(const uint8_t *ptr, size_t *n, const uint8_t *root, char **ss)
{
        char *s;

        s = *ss = malloc(MDNS_DN_MAXSZ);
        if (!s)
                return (NULL);

        if (*ptr == 0) {
                *s = '\0';
                advance(1);
                return (ptr);
        }
        while (*ptr) {                                                     // [4]
                size_t free_space;
                uint16_t len;

                free_space = *ss + MDNS_DN_MAXSZ - s;
                len = *ptr;                                                // [8]
                advance(1);

                /* resolve the offset of the pointer (RFC 1035-4.1.4) */
                if ((len & 0xC0) == 0xC0) {                                // [5]
                        const uint8_t *p;
                        char *buf;
                        size_t m;

                        if (*n < sizeof(len))                              // [9]
                                goto err;
                        len &= ~0xC0;
                        len = (len << 8) | *ptr;
                        advance(1);

                        p = root + len;
                        m = ptr - p + *n;                                  // [6]
                        rr_decode(p, &m, root, &buf);                      // [7]
                        if (free_space <= strlen(buf)) {                   // [10]
                                free(buf);                                 // [12]
                                goto err;
                        }
                        (void) strcpy(s, buf);
                        free(buf);                                         // [13]
                        return (ptr);
                }
                if (*n <= len || free_space <= len)                        // [11]
                        goto err;
                strncpy(s, (const char *) ptr, len);
                advance(len);
                s += len;
                *s++ = (*ptr) ? '.' : '\0';
        }
        advance(1);
        return (ptr);
err:
        free(*ss);
        return (NULL);
}

The function rr_decode expects 4 parameters:

• ptr: the pointer to the start of the label to parse
• n: the number of remaining bytes in the message, starting from ptr
• root: the pointer to the start of the mDNS message
• ss: buffer used to build the domain name

At [4] the function loops for each character in the label and, if a pointer is found [5], the pointed label location and its maximum size is computed at [6], and the rr_decode function is called recursively [7].
From this point, the function rr_decode could reach the err label in 3 different ways:

• by having a compressed label and *n < sizeof(len) [9], that is having *n == 0 || *n == 1.
• by having a compressed label with size bigger than the free space available [10].
• by having *n < len (i.e. the label size is bigger than the remaining space in the message) or free_space <= len (i.e. the label size is bigger or equal to the remaining space in the *ss buffer) [11].

When any of those 3 cases are triggered, the code jumps to the err label, which frees the *ss buffer previously allocated, and returns NULL.
However, when the function returns at [7], the NULL value returned is not checked, possibly leading to a double-free of the buf (*ss) buffer at [12] or [13], which could later be exploited by an attacker to execute arbitrary code.

Timeline

2020-01-30 - Vendor Disclosure
2020-03-20 - Vendor Patched
2020-03-23 - Public Release